Courtesy of JMA monthly report (Sakurajima volcanic activity explanatory material, January 2022).Īctivity during February was relatively low and consisted of 22 volcanic earthquakes and eruption events at 1620 on 13 February and 1540 on 15 February. Ashfall from the event was observed on 28 January in Arimura Town about 753 g/m 2 was recorded (right). The resulting plume rose 3.4 km above the crater rim. Webcam image of the explosion at the Minamidake summit crater of Aira’s Sakurajima at 1319 on 28 January 2022 (left). That same day, a field survey reported that ashfall was observed in Arimura Town (753 g/m 2) and Kurokami-cho, according to JMA (figure 129).įigure 129. Two eruptions were detected at the Minamidake crater on 28 January, one of which was described as an explosion at 1319 a plume rose as high as 3.4 km above the crater and material traveled 1.3-1.7 km from the Minamidake summit crater (figure 129) crater incandescence accompanied this event. On 7 and 18 January large volcanic blocks were ejected 600-900 m and 1-1.3 km from the Minamidake crater. Nighttime crater incandescence was also visible on these days, based on surveillance cameras. Eruption plumes rose 1-2 km above the crater and drifted E and SE following eruption events detected on 1, 7, and 18 January. Additionally, a field survey reported that 400-1,000 tons/day (t/d) of sulfur dioxide emissions were emitted during the month, compared to December (600-1,200 t/d). There were 103 volcanic earthquakes reported during January, a decrease from December 2021 (136). Images use “Atmospheric penetration” rendering (bands 12, 11, and 8a). On 30 June a stronger anomaly was visible in vent B, but clouds covered visibility in vent A. The anomalies notably decreased in strength during 25 February and 16 April. The brighter anomaly in the 1 January image is from vent A, while the fainter anomaly is vent B both vents A and B are part of the Minamidake crater. Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery showed weak thermal anomalies in the Minamidake crater at Aira’s Sakurajima volcano on 1 January 2022 (top left), 25 February 2022 (top right), 16 April 2022 (bottom left), and 30 June 2022 (bottom right). Ashfall days were measured at Kagoshima Local Meteorological Observatory, and ashfall amounts represent material covering all the Kagoshima Prefecture. Note that smaller ash events are not listed. Number of monthly explosive events, days of ashfall, area of ash covered, and sulfur dioxide emissions from Sakurajima’s Minamidake crater at Aira during January-June 2022. Some thermal anomalies at the Minamidake crater were visible in Sentinel-2 infrared satellite imagery (figure 128). Thermal activity remained at low levels throughout the period (figure 127), though summit crater incandescence was frequently reported at night during clear weather. Reports of activity in the Showa crater mainly described occasional white gas-and-steam emissions. Low levels of activity from the Minamidake crater during this reporting period dominantly consisted of volcano-tectonic earthquakes, eruption plumes, and nighttime incandescence, with the addition of some explosions, ashfall, and sulfur dioxide emissions (table 27). This report updates information from January through June 2022 using monthly activity from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Tokyo Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC), and various satellite data. The current eruption period began in late March 2017, characterized by some explosions and ash emissions in the Minamidake crater. More recent activity has consisted of minor ash emissions, low thermal activity, and ashfall events (BGVN 47:01). The Minamidake summit cone and crater has had persistent activity since 1955 the Showa crater on the E flank has also been intermittently active since 2006. Eruptions date back to the 8th century, which have deposited ash on Kagoshima, 8 km from the summit. The Aira caldera in the northern half of Kagoshima Bay contains the active post-caldera Sakurajima volcano near the southern tip of Japan’s Kyushu Island. Explosive events, plumes, minor ashfall, and crater incandescence during January-June 2022
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